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religious itineraries
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A pilgrimage is a journey made for devotion, or spiritual penance to a place considered sacred.
The Jubilee of 1300 determines the value of the pilgrimage to Rome. The Via Francigena, also called via Romea, was the road that from Rome, the holy city, brought the pilgrims through the Central and Western Europe.
Already the Lombards, in the seventh century, used this way (which then runs for a stretch along the ancient Via Cassia), to move down Italy, but over time it became clear its function of communication route from the center of Christianity, Rome, to Jerusalem.
The itineraries of the major pilgrimages (Jerusalem, Santiago de Compostela, Rome, Canterbury, S. Michele Arcangelo in Puglia, etc) are important for their sanctuaries and monasteries.
• Patriarchal basilicas
• Minor basilicas
• Churches and art
• Sanctuary of Divino Amore
• Sanctuary of Lazio
• Abbeys of Lazio
• Synagogue
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Sacred Rome
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This itinerary guides you in the visit of the four Basilicas. St. John Lateran (San Giovanni in Laterano), is located in the Imperial Palace donated by the Constantine to Pope Miltiades. The pontiffs established here the papal seat until his transfer to Avignone. Here Charlemagne was received after the coronation in St. Peter's on Christmas night dell'800.The interior with five aisles is a work of Borromini who intervened for the Jubilee of 1650. At the heart of the presbytery there is the tabernacle of the fourteenth century. From the left transept, you access to the thirteenth century cloister realized by the workshop of Vassalletto. St. Peter (San Pietro) rises on the Ager Vaticanus where there was originally the Nero’s circus. Here was martyred the apostle Peter, whose tomb had become the center of Christianity and the place where Constantine erected the Basilica, rebuilt in 1503, by Pope Julius II. The facade is preceded by the Bernini colonnade of 1656. At the center of the square is located the obelisk in which are preserved relics of the Cross of Christ. The Dome was designed by Michelangelo on the project and completed after his death in 1564 by Della Porta.The interior bears the imprint of scenic Bernini with the canopy and bronze papal chair that is the alleged wooden seat of St. Peter. In the first chapel to the right you can admire the “Pietà” realized by Michelangelo in his first stay in Rome in 1498 at just 23 years old. On the Via Ostiense there is St. Paul outside the walls (San Paolo fuori dalle mura), built on the relics of St. Paul, completely rebuilt after a fire in 1823.The interior, with a wide nave and four side aisles, retains the ciborium of 1285 of Arnolfo di Cambio and the paschal candle of Vassalletto. St. Mary Major (Santa Maria Maggiore) rises on the Esquilino hill and was founded by Pope Liberius. The scene of a miraculous snowfall occurred in August 356. Its bell tower is the highest in the city.
The seven Churches
For the pilgrims who came to Rome in ancient times was the obligatory visit of the seven churches, which could be visited on foot in one day.
In the sixteenth century, the tradition was revived by St. Philip Blacks, fixed as follows:
- the four patriarchal basilicas;
- San Lorenzo outside the walls, next to the Verano cemetery, with the tomb of St. Lawrence, early Christian-medieval, already patriarchal basilica.
- Holy Cross in Jerusalem, the place where were the palace of Empress Elena, the mother of Constantine I. There are preserved, those that according to tradition, are the relics of the cross.
- San Sebastian outside the walls, near the catacombs homonymous.
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